Hopkins, and the 1892 Chinese Exclusion Act. Hall, the Chinese Massacre of 1871, Yick Wo v. Įxamples of anti-East Asian, specifically Sinophobic, racism from the 1800s include People v. In fact, some East Asians are descended from laborers who the United States brought to replace the labor of Black Americans who the country subjected to chattel slavery, to construct railways on the West Coast, and to work on plantations in Hawai’i. However, there is a large Eastern Asian working class. Non-East Asian perception of people originating from Eastern Asia is primarily formulated based on the group’s professional success following the 1965 Immigration Act. Centuries of Gaslighting: Ignoring Systemic Racism Against East Asians The Act also made a special provision for those who were immigrating from a non-Communist dominated society or were fleeing from persecution because of their opposition to the Communist party. Most had a lower socioeconomic advantage than those permitted to migrate under the 1965 Immigration Act that required immigrants to meet rigid educational and financial standards. Many Braceros permanently migrated to the United States. This program permitted millions of guest workers from Mexico into the United States on short-term labor contracts, mostly in the agricultural industry, prioritizing the temporary migration of what some consider “low-skilled” workers to fill labor shortages. The Act’s prioritization of immigrants from white-collared backgrounds stands in direct opposition to other programs at the intersection of labor and immigration, like the Braceros program, which the federal government implemented in 1951. The 1965 Immigration Act only made visas available to “qualified immigrants,” which the Act defined as those “who are members of the professions, or who because of their exceptional ability in the sciences or the arts will substantially benefit the national economy, cultural interests, or welfare of the United States.” The Act further defined acceptable “professions” as, “architects, engineers, lawyers, physicians, surgeons, and teachers in elementary or secondary schools, colleges, academies, or seminaries,” and restricted “unskilled” and “temporary” laborers from migrating to the United States. “Qualified Immigrants” and the Perpetuation of the Model Minority Myth To navigate this complex concept, it is necessary to address the facets of the 1965 Immigration Act that prioritized monied immigrants and documented social uprisings led by East Asians and how East Asians are subjected to mass gaslighting and racial triangulation systemic racism. This Act established the “Model Minority” myth and racial triangulation of East Asians that results in the gaslighting of East Asians’ lived experiences of racism in the United States. Many sociologists’ studies of the “whitening” of Eastern Asians focus exclusively on those who the United States accepted as immigrants from the 1965 Immigration Act, which only permitted persons who already held a high socioeconomic status and education level in their countries of origin to immigrate to the United States. Pundits have used Eastern Asian’s perceived monetary and professional success as a means of telling other communities of color to simply pull themselves up by their “bootstraps.” Other communities of color regularly gaslight Eastern Asians, claiming that they are not “people of color” or are “basically white”. Introductionįrom the mid-20th Century through the present, Eastern Asians have been used as a racial wedge between white Americans and other people of color. *CONTENT WARNING: GRAPHIC* Author uses this image because it was the original poster used to promote the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1892.
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